[Docker] Docker 명령어

작성일자: 2024.08.26

Ver 0.1.1

1. Docker 명령어 구조

- Docker의 모든 명령은 'docker'로 시작하며 어떤 대상에게 명령어를 실행할 것인지로 구분하면 보기 쉽다.

 

docker {대상} {커맨드} {옵션} {인자}

 

대표적인 커맨드 대상 : docker container / image / volume / network

 

- Docker에서 사용할 수 있는 커맨드 리스트는 아래와 같이 확인할 수 있음

 

1) 'docker' 입력

2) 'docker [command 대상] -- help' 입력

3) 위와 같은 방법으로 커맨드 수준을 높이고 뒤에 --help 입력

(base) MacBookAir ~ % docker

Usage:  docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND

A self-sufficient runtime for containers

Common Commands:
  run         Create and run a new container from an image
  exec        Execute a command in a running container
  ps          List containers
  build       Build an image from a Dockerfile
  pull        Download an image from a registry
  push        Upload an image to a registry
  images      List images
  login       Log in to a registry
  logout      Log out from a registry
  search      Search Docker Hub for images
  version     Show the Docker version information
  info        Display system-wide information

Management Commands:
  builder     Manage builds
  buildx*     Docker Buildx (Docker Inc., v0.16.1-desktop.1)
  compose*    Docker Compose (Docker Inc., v2.29.1-desktop.1)
  container   Manage containers
  context     Manage contexts
  debug*      Get a shell into any image or container (Docker Inc., 0.0.34)
  desktop*    Docker Desktop commands (Alpha) (Docker Inc., v0.0.14)
  dev*        Docker Dev Environments (Docker Inc., v0.1.2)
  extension*  Manages Docker extensions (Docker Inc., v0.2.25)
  feedback*   Provide feedback, right in your terminal! (Docker Inc., v1.0.5)
  image       Manage images
  init*       Creates Docker-related starter files for your project (Docker Inc., v1.3.0)
  manifest    Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
  network     Manage networks
  plugin      Manage plugins
  sbom*       View the packaged-based Software Bill Of Materials (SBOM) for an image (Anchore Inc., 0.6.0)
  scout*      Docker Scout (Docker Inc., v1.11.0)
  system      Manage Docker
  trust       Manage trust on Docker images
  volume      Manage volumes

Swarm Commands:
  swarm       Manage Swarm

Commands:
  attach      Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
  commit      Create a new image from a container's changes
  cp          Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
  create      Create a new container
  diff        Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
  events      Get real time events from the server
  export      Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
  history     Show the history of an image
  import      Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
  inspect     Return low-level information on Docker objects
  kill        Kill one or more running containers
  load        Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
  logs        Fetch the logs of a container
  pause       Pause all processes within one or more containers
  port        List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
  rename      Rename a container
  restart     Restart one or more containers
  rm          Remove one or more containers
  rmi         Remove one or more images
  save        Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
  start       Start one or more stopped containers
  stats       Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
  stop        Stop one or more running containers
  tag         Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
  top         Display the running processes of a container
  unpause     Unpause all processes within one or more containers
  update      Update configuration of one or more containers
  wait        Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes

Global Options:
      --config string      Location of client config files (default "/Users/limjongjun/.docker")
  -c, --context string     Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides DOCKER_HOST env var and
                           default context set with "docker context use")
  -D, --debug              Enable debug mode
  -H, --host list          Daemon socket to connect to
  -l, --log-level string   Set the logging level ("debug", "info", "warn", "error", "fatal") (default "info")
      --tls                Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
      --tlscacert string   Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/Users/limjongjun/.docker/ca.pem")
      --tlscert string     Path to TLS certificate file (default "/Users/limjongjun/.docker/cert.pem")
      --tlskey string      Path to TLS key file (default "/Users/limjongjun/.docker/key.pem")
      --tlsverify          Use TLS and verify the remote
  -v, --version            Print version information and quit

Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.

For more help on how to use Docker, head to https://docs.docker.com/go/guides/

---

2. docker container 주요 커맨드

'docker container' 이후에 작성하는 주요 커맨드는 아래와 같다.

커맨드	설명	주요옵선
start	컨테이너 실행	-i
stop	컨테이너 정지
create	컨테이너 생성	--name, -e, -p, -v
run	이미지를 내려받고 컨테이너를 생성 및 실행	--name, -e, -p, -v, -d, -i, -t
rm	컨테이너 삭제	-f, -v
exec	컨테이너에서 프로그램 실행	-i, -t
ls	컨테이너 목록 출력	-a
cp	컨테이너와 호스트가 파일 복사
commit	컨테이너를 이미지로 변환

 

---

3. docker image 주요 커맨드

'docker image' 이후에 작성하는 주요 커맨드는 아래와 같음

커맨드	설명	주요 옵션
pull	이미지를 내려받음
rm	이미지 삭제
ls	가지고 있는 이미지 목록을 출력
build	이미지 생성

---

4. 주요 옵션

옵션	설명
--name	컨테이너 이름
-p	포트 번호 지정
-v	볼륨 설정
-e	환경 변수 설정
-d	백그라운드 실행
-i	컨테이너에 터미널 연결
-t	특수 키를 사용가능하게 설정